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Möglichkeiten Python entkoppelt laufen zu lassen


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Hallo zusammen,

 

irgendwie scheine ich hier etwas auf dem Schlauch zu stehen...

Ich habe das Python-Beispiel für das Outdoor Weather Bricklet erweitert und alles funktioniert wunderbar auf einem RPi mit zwei Callbacks und einem "input()" (Python 3) in der main, damit das Programm dauerhaft läuft (zu mindest so mein Verständnis)...

Allerdings würde ich das ganze jetzt gerne dauerhaft auf einem Rapsberry Pie laufen lassen, direkt beim Start..

Ich finde Möglichkeiten, das Python Programm zu starten, aber scheinbar bedeutet die "input()"-Funktion direkt wieder das Ende des Skripts...

Das Internet hat mir so ziemlich alles vorgeschlagen: Threads, Sleep, ...

Callen mit "&" dahinter... mittels nohup...

 

Was sind hier sinnvolle Ansätze, bzw. gut erprobte und funktionsfähige Vorgehensweisen?

Mir scheint, als ob das nicht unüblich ist, aber irgendwie doch umfassende Arbeiten erfordert..

 

Vielen Dank!

 

Grüße

Niels Göran

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Zeig doch mal dein Script, ich denke es liegt schon an deinen Verständnis des Programmablaufs. Als Schlagwort für dich "Daemon", dein Programm muss beim Systemstart als "Daemon" laufen, es darf dabei nicht das System blockieren.

 

Ein Input (ohne jetzt Aktiv gerade was mit Python am hut zu haben) wartet doch auf die User-Eingabe/oder sonstiges. Ist aber kein MainThread in dem Sinne.

 

Ein Daemon arbeitet mit einen Thread, in diesen eine while-Schleife die Prüfungen vornimmt (beispiel Programm beenden/andere Dinge), danach folgt ein sleep, dann geht wieder alles von vorne los (im While).

 

Ist der Thread beendet (Main Thread), beendet sich das Programm.

 

Hoffe das hilft dir schon mal beim Googeln :)

 

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Hallo hwsoft,

 

vielen Dank für deine Antwort.

Die Idee mittels eines Warten auf User Input den Main Prozess offen zu halten und die Abwicklung sonst über Callbacks zu handhaben, habe ich aus den Beispielen entnommen. Daher dachte ich, könnte ich auf Sleep und ähnliches verzichten. Und alles rein Callback basiert laufen lassen...

Der Code ist schon in einem anderen Thread von mir zur Hardware des Outdoor Bricklets gepostet (geht um mehrfach auftretende Callbacks) (https://www.tinkerunity.org/forum/index.php/topic,4388.0.html).

Zur Sicherheit nochmal hier:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

HOST = "localhost"
PORT = 4223
UID = "Er2" # Outdoor Weather Bricklet ID

DB_HOST = "****"
DB_USER = "****"
DB_PASSWD = "****"
DB_DB = "****"

from tinkerforge.ip_connection import IPConnection
from tinkerforge.bricklet_outdoor_weather import BrickletOutdoorWeather

import sys
import mysql.connector as mc

import datetime

# Stations are 10000 + identifier; Sensors are 20000 + identifier !!!
info_data = {
10086: {'last_update': datetime.datetime.now(), 'nodes_id': 1002, 'locations_id': 2002, 'sensors_id': [4003, 4004, 4005, 4006, 4007, 4008, 4009], 'types_id': [3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007],}, # Outdoor-001 station
20038: {'last_update': datetime.datetime.now(), 'nodes_id': 1001, 'locations_id': 2001, 'sensors_id': [4001, 4002], 'types_id': [3001, 3002],}, # Indoor-001 station
}

# Callback function for station data callback
def cb_station_data(identifier, temperature, humidity, wind_speed, gust_speed, rain, wind_direction, battery_low):
# Get current timestamp
ts = datetime.datetime.now()
timestamp = ts.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
# Correct identifier
identifier = 10000 + identifier
# Combine all values into a single list
values = [temperature/10.0, humidity, wind_speed/10.0, gust_speed/10.0, rain/10.0, wind_direction, battery_low]
# Printing for debugging
print(str(identifier) + " - TS: " + str(timestamp) + " - Data: " + str(values[0]) + "°C, " + str(values[1]) + "%RH, " + str(values[2]) + "m/s, " + str(values[3]) + "m/s, " + str(values[4]) + "mm, " + str(values[5]) + ", " + str(values[6]))
# Insert data via sep function
insert_values_into_db(identifier, ts, values)

# Callback function for sensor data callback
def cb_sensor_data(identifier, temperature, humidity):
# Get current timestamp
ts = datetime.datetime.now()
timestamp = ts.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
# Correct identifier
identifier = 20000 + identifier
# Combine all values into a single list
values = [temperature/10.0, humidity]
# Printing for debugging
print(str(identifier) + " - TS: " + str(timestamp) + " - Data: " + str(values[0]) + "°C, " + str(values[1]) + "%RH")
# Insert data via sep function
insert_values_into_db(identifier, ts, values)

# Common shared fuction to insert station as well as sensor data in to DB
def insert_values_into_db(identifier, ts, values):
# Format suitable for MySQL
timestamp = ts.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# Obtain info for sensor for sensor dict
sensor_info = info_data.get(identifier, 'NA')
if (sensor_info == 'NA'):
	print("Unknown sensor in use !!")
else:
	# Check if at least 45 seconds have elapsed since last update to avoid double postings
	if (ts >= sensor_info.get('last_update') + datetime.timedelta(seconds=45)):
		# Extract lists of sensors and types from sensor_info
		sensors = sensor_info.get('sensors_id')
		types = sensor_info.get('types_id')
		# Loop over all sensors
		for i in range(len(sensors)):
			data_meas = {
				'timestamp': timestamp,
				'nodes_id': sensor_info.get('nodes_id'),
				'locations_id': sensor_info.get('locations_id'),
				'sensors_id': sensors[i],
				'types_id': types[i],
				'value': values[i],
			}
			# Insert into DB
			try:
				cursor.execute(add_meas, data_meas)
			except mc.Error as err:
				print("Problem while inserting into DB")
				print("Something went wrong: {}".format(err))
		# Make sure data is committed to the database
		connection.commit()
		# Set new update time as last_update in sensor_data
		info_data[identifier]['last_update'] = ts
		print("Updated!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
# List known stations and sensors
print("Listing all known stations and sensors including their node_ids")
print("")
for key,val in info_data.items():
	print("{} = {}".format(key, val))
print("")

try:
	connection = mc.connect (host = DB_HOST, user = DB_USER, passwd = DB_PASSWD, db = DB_DB) # Connect to DB
	print("Database connection successful")
except mc.Error as e:
	print("Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]))
	sys.exit(1)

# Check server version (to test connection)
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute ("SELECT VERSION()")
row = cursor.fetchone()
print("server version:", row[0])

# Define insert object
add_meas = ("INSERT INTO meas (timestamp, nodes_id, locations_id, sensors_id, types_id, value) VALUES (%(timestamp)s, %(nodes_id)s, %(locations_id)s, %(sensors_id)s, %(types_id)s, %(value)s)")

# Open connection to Bricks and Bricklets
ipcon = IPConnection() # Create IP connection
ow = BrickletOutdoorWeather(UID, ipcon) # Create device object

ipcon.connect(HOST, PORT) # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected

# Enable station data callbacks
ow.set_station_callback_configuration(True)

# Enable sensor data callbacks
ow.set_sensor_callback_configuration(True)

# Register station data callback to function cb_station_data
ow.register_callback(ow.CALLBACK_STATION_DATA, cb_station_data)

# Register sensor data callback to function cb_sensor_data
ow.register_callback(ow.CALLBACK_SENSOR_DATA, cb_sensor_data)

input("Press key to exit\n") # Use input() in Python 3
ipcon.disconnect()

cursor.close()
connection.close()

Einzige Änderungen seit dem Post: Ein Atexit Event wurde hinzugefügt und die letzten drei Befehle nach dort ausgelagert, sodass die main jetzt wirklich mit dem "input" endet..

 

Grüße

Niels Göran

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Hallo Nic,

 

danke für die Antwort!

Die Seite sieht sehr gut aus (besonders zusammen mit systemd: https://www.loggly.com/blog/new-style-daemons-python/), leider scheitere ich immer noch an einer Stelle im Daemon: "While True:"...

In dem Beispiel auf der verlinkten Seite wird dort etwas konkretes gemacht (Uhrzeit loggen) und dann mittels "time.sleep(2)" einfach zwei Sekunden gewartet.

In meinem Fall brauche ich ja eigentlich genau diese While True Loop gar nicht, da alles über Callbacks nur passiert, wenn neue Daten empfangen wurden.

Eine scheinbar mögliche, aber für mich komisch wirkende Lösung ist hier gezeigt:

https://github.com/giometti/beaglebone_home_automation_blueprints/blob/master/chapter_09/smart_card/smart_card.py

Dort wird in der While True Loop auch nichts gemacht, außer 277,7777 Stunden zu warten, oder wenn der Daemon anderweitig beendet wird oder Befehle erhält.

Sicher eine Lösung, aber ich dachte, Python hätte da vielleicht etwas eleganteres im Angebot (vielleicht Richtung "time.sleep(-1)" für unendliches Schlafen).

Ich werde es jetzt erstmal mit einem Daemon und einer WHile True Loop versuchen, in der ich einfach nur ein "time.sleep(120)" verwende. Sprich Aufwachen alle 2 Minuten und wieder schlafen (evtl. noch Zeitstempel loggen).

 

Mal schauen, wie das funktioniert...

 

Grüße

Niels Göran

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Der main Thread braucht aber nunmal irgendwas zu futtern um den Prog. Process aufrechtzuhalten. Ein Daemon soll eig. ein endloss laufender Hintergrund Process sein, der das OS und CPU soweit wie möglich nicht belasten soll.

 

Die Callbacks alleine reichen nicht, da sie irgendwann und asynchron auftreten, da wäre der main Thread schon lange durch und dein Prog. beendet.

 

while True kannst du auch ersetzen z.b: durch while still_alive (boolean var) die z.B. bei Exceptions oder in einem deiner Callback gesetzt werden könnte um das Progr. controlliert zu beenden.

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Hallo Nic, hallo zusammen,

 

ich habe jetzt mal das ganze in einen Daemon gegossen, auch wenn dafür ein paar Global Variables in Python nötig waren, damit es funktioniert...

 

Würde mich freuen, wenn ihr mal drüber schaut und vielleicht noch ein paar Ideen zur Verbesserung oder Vereinfachung habt...

Das Ergebniss des Loggings zur DB könnt ihr euch hier anschauen:

http://ngblume.com/weather/ (momentan sehr simples Design.. History Data und ähnliches kommt in den nächsten Wochen...)

 

Inspiriert haben mich folgende Seiten:

https://dpbl.wordpress.com/2017/02/12/a-tutorial-on-python-daemon/

https://github.com/aigo9/python-daemon-example

 

Grüße

Niels Göran

 

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Author: NIELS GÖRAN BLUME
# eMail: ngblume@gmail.com

# DAEMON VERISON

HOST = "localhost"
PORT = 4223
UID = "Er2"  # Outdoor Weather Bricklet ID

DB_HOST = "****"
DB_USER = "****"
DB_PASSWD = "****"
DB_DB = "****"

from tinkerforge.ip_connection import IPConnection
from tinkerforge.bricklet_outdoor_weather import BrickletOutdoorWeather

import sys
import os
import mysql.connector as mc

import datetime
import time
import logging

import argparse
import daemon
import signal
from pidlockfile import PIDLockFile

# CONSTANTS
# Stations are 10000 + identifier; Sensors are 20000 + identifier !!!
info_data = {
    # Outdoor-001 station
    10086: {'last_update': datetime.datetime.now(), 'nodes_id': 1002, 'locations_id': 2002, 'sensors_id': [4003, 4004, 4005, 4006, 4007, 4008, 4009], 'types_id': [3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007], },
    # Indoor-001 station
    20038: {'last_update': datetime.datetime.now(), 'nodes_id': 1001, 'locations_id': 2001, 'sensors_id': [4001, 4002], 'types_id': [3001, 3002], },
}

logger, cursor, connection, add_meas, ipcon, ow = None, None, None, None, None, None

# Callback function for station data callback
def cb_station_data(identifier, temperature, humidity, wind_speed, gust_speed, rain, wind_direction, battery_low):
    global logger
# Get current timestamp
    ts = datetime.datetime.now()
    timestamp = ts.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
    # Correct identifier
    identifier = 10000 + identifier
    # Combine all values into a single list
    values = [temperature/10.0, humidity, wind_speed/10.0,
              gust_speed/10.0, rain/10.0, wind_direction, battery_low]
    # Logging
    logger.info(str(identifier) + " - TS: " + str(timestamp) + " - Data: " + str(values[0]) + "°C, " + str(values[1]) + "%RH, " + str(
        values[2]) + "m/s, " + str(values[3]) + "m/s, " + str(values[4]) + "mm, " + str(values[5]) + ", " + str(values[6]))
    # Insert data via sep function
    insert_values_into_db(identifier, ts, values)

# Callback function for sensor data callback
def cb_sensor_data(identifier, temperature, humidity):
    global logger
    # Get current timestamp
    ts = datetime.datetime.now()
    timestamp = ts.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
    # Correct identifier
    identifier = 20000 + identifier
    # Combine all values into a single list
    values = [temperature/10.0, humidity]
    # Printing for debugging
    logger.info(str(identifier) + " - TS: " + str(timestamp) + " - Data: " +
          str(values[0]) + "°C, " + str(values[1]) + "%RH")
    # Insert data via sep function
    insert_values_into_db(identifier, ts, values)

# Common shared fuction to insert station as well as sensor data in to DB
def insert_values_into_db(identifier, ts, values):
    global logger
    global cursor
    global connection
    global add_meas
    global info_data
    # Format suitable for MySQL
    timestamp = ts.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    # Obtain info for sensor for sensor dict
    sensor_info = info_data.get(identifier, 'NA')
    if (sensor_info == 'NA'):
        logger.info("Unknown sensor in use !!")
    else:
        # Check if at least 45 seconds have elapsed since last update to avoid double postings
        if (ts >= sensor_info.get('last_update') + datetime.timedelta(seconds=45)):
            logger.info("New data received")
            # Extract lists of sensors and types from sensor_info
            sensors = sensor_info.get('sensors_id')
            types = sensor_info.get('types_id')
            # Loop over all sensors
            for i in range(len(sensors)):
                data_meas = {
                    'timestamp': timestamp,
                    'nodes_id': sensor_info.get('nodes_id'),
                    'locations_id': sensor_info.get('locations_id'),
                    'sensors_id': sensors[i],
                    'types_id': types[i],
                    'value': values[i],
                }
                # Insert into DB
                try:
                    cursor.execute(add_meas, data_meas)
                except mc.Error as err:
                    logger.info("Problem while inserting into DB")
                    logger.info("Something went wrong: {}".format(err))
            # Make sure data is committed to the database
            connection.commit()
            # Set new update time as last_update in sensor_data
            info_data[identifier]['last_update'] = ts
            logger.info("New entry sent to DB")
        else:
            logger.info("Data not new enough !!!")


def do_some_work(args):
    global logger
    global ipcon
    global cursor
    global connection
    global ow
    global add_meas
    # main loop in daemon
    logger = logging.getLogger(args.daemon_name)
    logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    fh = logging.FileHandler(args.log_file)
    fh.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    log_format = '%(asctime)s|%(levelname)s|%(message)s'
    fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(log_format))
    logger.addHandler(fh)

    # List known stations and sensors
    logger.info("Listing all known stations and sensors including their node_ids")
# print("")
    for key, val in info_data.items():
        logger.info("{} = {}".format(key, val))
        # print("")

    try:
        connection = mc.connect(host=DB_HOST, user=DB_USER,
                                passwd=DB_PASSWD, db=DB_DB)  # Connect to DB
        # print("Database connection successful")
        logger.info("Database connection successful")
    except mc.Error as e:
        # print("Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]))
        logger.info("Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]))
        # sys.exit(1)

    # Check server version (to test connection)
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
    row = cursor.fetchone()
    # print("server version:", row[0])
    logger.info(("server version:", row[0]))

    # Define insert object
    add_meas = ("INSERT INTO meas (timestamp, nodes_id, locations_id, sensors_id, types_id, value) VALUES (%(timestamp)s, %(nodes_id)s, %(locations_id)s, %(sensors_id)s, %(types_id)s, %(value)s)")

    # Open connection to Bricks and Bricklets
    ipcon = IPConnection()  # Create IP connection
    ipcon.connect(HOST, PORT)  # Connect to brickd
    # Don't use device before ipcon is connected

    # Connect to Bricklet
    ow = BrickletOutdoorWeather(UID, ipcon)  # Create device object

    # Enable station data callbacks
    ow.set_station_callback_configuration(True)

    # Enable sensor data callbacks
    ow.set_sensor_callback_configuration(True)

    # Register station data callback to function cb_station_data
    ow.register_callback(ow.CALLBACK_STATION_DATA, cb_station_data)

    # Register sensor data callback to function cb_sensor_data
    ow.register_callback(ow.CALLBACK_SENSOR_DATA, cb_sensor_data)

    while True:
        logger.info("Heartbeat (1/min)")
        time.sleep(60)


def f_start(args):
    if args.verbose:
        print("{0}: starting...".format(args.daemon_name))
        print("{0}: pid_file = {1}".format(args.daemon_name, args.pid_file))
        print("{0}: log_file = {1}".format(args.daemon_name, args.log_file))

    with daemon.DaemonContext(
            working_directory=args.working_directory,
            umask=0o002,
            pidfile=PIDLockFile(args.pid_file, timeout=2.0),
            stdout=open(args.stdout_file, "a"),
            stderr=open(args.stderr_file, "a")):
        # Main loop of the daemon
        do_some_work(args)


def f_stop(args):
    if args.verbose:
        print("{0}: stopping...".format(args.daemon_name))

    plf = PIDLockFile(args.pid_file)
    pid = plf.is_locked()
    if pid:
        os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
    else:
        print("{0}: NOT running".format(args.daemon_name))


def f_restart(args):
    f_stop(args)
    f_start(args)


def f_status(args):
    plf = PIDLockFile(args.pid_file)
    pid = plf.is_locked()
    if pid:
        print("{0}: running, PID = {1}".format(args.daemon_name, pid))
    else:
        print("{0}: NOT running".format(args.daemon_name))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    here = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
    base_name = os.path.basename(__file__).split('.')[0]

    # To avoid dealing with permissions and to simplify this example
    # setting working directory, pid file and log file location etc.
    # to the directory where the script is located. Normally these files
    # go to various subdirectories of /var

    # working directory, normally /var/lib/<daemon_name>
    working_directory = here

    # log file, normally /var/log/<daemon_name>.log
    log_file = os.path.join(here, base_name + ".log")

    # pid lock file, normally /var/run/<daemon_name>.pid
    pid_file = os.path.join(here, base_name + ".pid")

    # stdout, normally /var/log/<daemon_name>.stdout
    stdout_file = os.path.join(here, base_name + ".stdout")

    # stderr, normally /var/log/<daemon_name>.stderr
    stderr_file = os.path.join(here, base_name + ".stderr")

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Minimalistic example of using python-daemon with pidlockfile"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-v", "--verbose",
        help="print additional messages to stdout",
        action="store_true"
    )
    parser.set_defaults(working_directory=working_directory)
    parser.set_defaults(log_file=log_file)
    parser.set_defaults(pid_file=pid_file)
    parser.set_defaults(stdout_file=stdout_file)
    parser.set_defaults(stderr_file=stderr_file)
    parser.set_defaults(daemon_name=base_name)
    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title="commands")
    sp_start = subparsers.add_parser("start", description="start daemon")
    sp_start.set_defaults(func=f_start)
    sp_stop = subparsers.add_parser("stop", description="stop daemon")
    sp_stop.set_defaults(func=f_stop)
    sp_restart = subparsers.add_parser("restart", description="restart daemon")
    sp_restart.set_defaults(func=f_restart)
    sp_status = subparsers.add_parser("status", description="check daemon status")
    sp_status.set_defaults(func=f_status)

# Parse as entered
    args = parser.parse_args()
    args.func(args)

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